接口测试的主要执行阶段详解与实践应用

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'
services:
  api-service:
    build: ./api
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    depends_on:
      - mysql
  mysql:
    image: mysql:8.0
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
      MYSQL_DATABASE: test_db
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
  mock-server:
    image: wiremock/wiremock
    ports:
      - "8081:8080"
    volumes:
      - ./mock:/home/wiremock

import requests
import pytest
 
# 定义接口基础URL
BASE_URL = "http://localhost:8080/api/v1"
 
def test_get_user_info():
    """测试获取用户信息接口"""
    # 构造请求
    params = {"user_id": 12345}
    headers = {"Authorization": "Bearer token123"}
    
    # 发送请求
    response = requests.get(f"{BASE_URL}/users", params=params, headers=headers)
    
    # 验证响应
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json()["code"] == 0
    assert response.json()["data"]["user_id"] == 12345
    assert response.json()["data"]["username"] == "test_user"
 
def test_create_user():
    """测试创建用户接口"""
    # 构造请求体
    data = {
        "username": "new_user",
        "email": "new_user@example.com",
        "password": "Pass12345"
    }
    headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
    
    # 发送请求
    response = requests.post(f"{BASE_URL}/users", json=data, headers=headers)
    
    # 验证响应
    assert response.status_code == 201
    assert response.json()["code"] == 0
    assert response.json()["message"] == "用户创建成功"

**缺陷标题**：GET /api/v1/users 接口在 user_id 为负数时返回 500 错误
**缺陷类型**：功能缺陷
**优先级**：P1
**严重程度**：高
**缺陷状态**：新建
**发现版本**：v1.0.0
**修复版本**：v1.0.1
 
**缺陷描述**：
当调用 GET /api/v1/users?user_id=-123 时，接口返回 500 Internal Server Error，而预期应该返回 400 Bad Request 并提示参数错误。
 
**复现步骤**：
1. 发送 GET 请求到 http://localhost:8080/api/v1/users?user_id=-123
2. 查看响应状态码和响应内容
 
**预期结果**：
- 响应状态码：400
- 响应内容：{"code": 400, "message": "参数错误：user_id 必须为正数"}
 
**实际结果**：
- 响应状态码：500
- 响应内容：{"timestamp": "2025-11-18T10:00:00Z", "status": 500, "error": "Internal Server Error"}
 
**环境信息**：
- 操作系统：Ubuntu 22.04
- 接口版本：v1.0.0
- 数据库：MySQL 8.0
 
**附件**：
- 请求日志截图
- 响应截图

# pytest.ini
[pytest]
addopts = -v --alluredir=./allure-results
testpaths = ./tests
python_files = test_*.py
python_classes = Test*
python_functions = test_*